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Majority of existing research in health record field used attribute-based encryption scheme and the semi-trusted servers to store the health related data in privacy preserving manner. Many researches used cryptographic techniques and blockchain for privacy and security of digital health record systems. Blockchain technology presents numerous opportunities for development of such digital health record systems. Whereas these digital health record systems have the potential for better health care, their security issues must be concerned. Personal health record and other digital health record systems have the potential to improve health outcomes, support care coordination, and improve communication. Finally, the paper is concluded in Section 5. The results of the prototype implementation and the system-level analysis from the model are evaluated and discussed in Section 4. The Palladio Component Model for analyzing the performance of our proposed blockchain-based personal health record systems is also described. Section 3 discusses how the required parameters for an architectural model simulation are benchmarked. In Section 2, some related works and the outline for our blockchain-based PHR system which is proposed in prior work, are presented. Thus, the aim of this work is to evaluate our proposed blockchain-based PHR system in its early lifecycle stage. Generally, low performance is mainly the effect of inappropriate architectures rather than that of weak implementation. In developing the architectural model, Palladio workbench which is an architectural modelling tool is used. Then, an architectural model is proposed by using the execution times extracted from the prototype system for each associated component. To characterize the key components of our prior blockchain-based PHR system, a prototype system is firstly implemented and the execution time of each component is extracted. An architectural model is proposed to analyze the performance of the proposed blockchain-based PHR system, with the key aspect of ensuring the usability in practice. This article extends our prior work by evaluating the proposed blockchain-based PHR system on various number of users and various PHR data sizes under a real world scenario. Thus, a model-driven approach for predicting the performance of the blockchain-based PHR system is constructed. For that reason, the performance analysis is conducted in this work.Īs a result, an architectural model will be used for predicting the performance properties. Since, the performance is a concern for the use of blockchain for the PHR development, the usability of the proposed blockchain-based PHR system must be addressed. Only the achievement of the privacy and the security as well as the effectiveness of the proposed blockchain-based PHR system was shown. However, the usability evaluation is still lacking in our previous work. The issues that affect the use of blockchain in the PHR development were introduced and addressed with an existing private blockchain and cryptographic mechanisms in our prior work. The privacy and trust of Personal Health Record (PHR) system are improved by applying the blockchain technology, in our prior works.
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Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license ( ). Further evaluation on the distributed design of the proposed blockchain-based PHR system is planned for our future work. The performance results indicated that the proposed blockchain-based PHR system can work within the emergency response time of 8 min and it is usable with an efficient computational cost. The result of simulating the architectural model shows that the proposed blockchain-based PHR system can response within 4 min for 60,000 accesses each day. The result shows that storing 32 MB of the PHR data takes 4.84 s and retrieving the same PHR data takes 5.19 s. Experiments are conducted with various data sizes including 128, 512 KB, 2, 8 and 32 MB. The key parameters for the architectural model are extracted from the prototype.
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The proposed blockchain-based PHR system prototype is implemented and the architectural model for the blockchain-based PHR system is also constructed. Thus, this article presents the performance analysis of the blockchain-based PHR system to ensure the usability in practice. Consequently, the performance becomes a concern for blockchain-PHR integration because of the blockchain performance issues in the past. The blockchain-based PHR system has been proposed recently to enhance the security and privacy for the PHR data. The Personal Health Record (PHR) could be seen as a preventive care solution to the incoming aging society.